This book examines attempts to cultivate an Austrian identity based on a civic rather than an ethnic conception of a national community. It focuses on the ideas of Joseph Samuel Bloch, an Austrian-Jewish writer and politician who sought to cultivate a civic identity to unify the nationalities of multiethnic Austria. Bloch called for a hyphenated Austrian consciousness that respected the desire to protect pre-existing ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic bonds while building transethnic ties based on citizenship. This study also analyzes the ideas of his mentor, Adolf Fischhof, another Austrian-Jewish reform-minded politician. Finally, it compares Bloch's ideas to those of other Austrian reformers of various ethnic and political backgrounds in order to discover how they conceived of a supraethnic Austrian consciousness. "Imagining an Austrian Nation" explores the meaning of nationalism and identity in a pluralistic society, issues that confound humanity as much in the twenty-first century as they did in the nineteenth.