The chapters in this volume of Advances in Medicine and Biology, present the latest research in medical research. Chapter One provides a brief review of a rhino-orbital Rhizopus arrhizus infection. Chapter Two reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of mucormycetes as causative pathogens of osteomyelitis. Chapter Three discusses the bilateral estimation between muscle activation and joint movement with muscle synergy extraction via non-negative matrix factorization. Chapter Four examines lupus anticoagulant and lupus nephritis. Chapter Five discusses multi-systemic effects of the thyroid hormone. Chapter Six provides a review of microfluorimetry of single yeast cells by fluorescence microscopy combined with digital photography and computer image analysis. Chapter Seven describes the possible mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic action of herbal preparations is considered and the effect of some herbal preparations on carotid IMT progression in clinical trials. Chapter Eight discusses the ultrasound findings of the 'tulip sign' in a fetus with Chiari II malformation. Chapter Nine examines pterygium surgery. Chapter Ten discusses cAMP-Me2+-DNA complex on gene induction and signaling for coupling the environment stimulus to produce variety and its impact on evolution. The final chapter, Chapter 11, addresses the importance of hand-washing and the requirements that should be adopted in relation to this procedure in the field of food handling to prevent foodborne diseases.