This book is concerned with a trend of reconstructive surgical orthopedics using reparative potential of the organism. It presents a detailed description of combined surgical treatment methods of orthopedic pathologies in children as well as experimental substantiation. The first part of the monograph presents experimental studies concerning the combination of external fixation (Ilizarov method) and flexible intramedullary nailing (inert and bioactive) in limb lengthening. A separate chapter deals with a study of peculiarities in the influence of intramedullary transphyseal nailing on the longitudinal growth in tibia. In the clinical part of the monograph, a detailed description of combined surgical treatments (external fixation and flexible intramedullary nailing) in children of length discrepancy and deformities of limbs is presented. One can find results and peculiarities of management of deformities and shortenings in various etiologies, including congenital malformation, osteogenesis imperfection, and orthopedic complications in calcium and phosphor metabolic imbalance. This catalog also contains a review of conventional bioactive implants used in orthopedic practice. Also, new data of flexible intramedullary nailing application with bioactive coating in different adolescent orthopedic pathologies is presented. Variants and advantages of combined techniques using external and internal fixation in spine surgery are depicted. According to nosological groups, indications and methods of correction are defined. Along with a detailed description of new methods of combined surgical treatment, vast materials illustrating short and long term results are demonstrated.