About our authors John L. Worrall is professor of criminology and criminal justice at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD). A Seattle native, he earned both his MA (criminal justice) and PhD (political science) from Washington State University, where he graduated in 1999. From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the criminal justice faculty at California State University, San Bernardino. He joined UTD in the fall of 2006. Dr. Worrall has published articles and book chapters on topics ranging from legal issues in policing to crime measurement. He is also the author or coauthor of numerous textbooks, including Introduction to Criminal Justice (with Larry J. Siegel, 16th ed., Cengage, 2018) and Criminal Procedure: From First Contact to Appeal (6th ed., Pearson, 2019). He is also editor of the journal Police Quarterly and executive director of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Frank Schmalleger, PhD, holds degrees from the University of Notre Dame and The Ohio State University, having earned both a master’s (1970) and a doctorate (1974) in sociology with a special emphasis in criminology from The Ohio State University. From criminal justice courses at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. For the last 16 of those years, he chaired the university’s Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice. In 1991, he was awarded the title Distinguished Professor, and the university named him Professor Emeritus in 2001. Dr. Schmalleger is the author of numerous articles and many books, including the widely used Criminal Justice Today (Pearson, 2021), Criminology Today (Pearson, 2021), Criminal Law Today (Pearson, 2022) and Corrections in the 21st Century (with John Smykla, McGraw-Hill, 2021).