Ricardo Ramina, MD, PhD, studied medicine at the Pontifical Catholic University in Curitiba, Brazil, before completing residencies in neurosurgery in Curitiba, Frankfurt, and Hannover.  In 1986 he was appointed Chairman of the Neurosurgical Department at Nações Hospital in Curitiba, Brazil and since 2004 he has been Chairman of the Neurosurgical Department of the Neurological Institute of Curitiba [WFNS (World Federation ... Read moreof Neurosurgical Societies) Post-Graduate Training Center]. Since 2006 he has been Professor of the Postgraduate Course in Surgery at the Pontifical Catholic University of Curitiba, having previously been an Associated Professor of Neurosurgery at George Washington University, Washington and State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. He has published more than 160 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has given more than 600 lectures and presentations on various topics in neurosurgery as an invited guest or guest of honor at national and international congresses. Marcos S. Tatagiba, MD, PhD, studied medicine at the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, before undertaking neurosurgical training from 1987 to 1993 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Nordstadt Hospital, Hannover, Germany, under the chairmanship of Prof. Madjid Samii. He presented his doctoral and post-doctoral theses at Hannover Medical School in 1992 and 1998. Since 2000 he has been Vice Director of the International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover; Vice Director of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg; Director and Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tübingen; and Chairman and Director, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zurich. Professor Tatagiba is the author of 237 articles in peer-reviewed journals and the recipient of several prizes, including the Neurosurgical Research Foundation Prize from the German Society of Neurosurgery (2002) and the Innovationspreis Medizintechnik – BMBF (2007). Professor Tatagiba served as President of the German Academy of Neurosurgery in 2010-11 and is President-elect of the German Society of the Skull Base. Show Less