This publication examines the critical subject of food security and the sustainable utilization of natural resources in India, taking into account the potential impact of climate change. As agroecosystems are locations of significant interaction between humans and the natural environment, global climate change is likely to have a significant effect on the resource base, crop yields, input efficiency, and overall profitability of agricultural production systems. However, the adverse consequences of climate change can be mitigated through the use of mitigation and adaptation strategies, which are becoming increasingly important due to Indias growing population and demand for food. This collection covers potential sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the Indian context, including the potential for soil carbon sequestration, crop and soil management, and scientific livestock management as mitigation and adaptation options. The book also covers fundamental concepts related to the greenhouse effect and the potential mechanisms by which soil nutrient availability may be altered due to CO2 fertilization. The book is illustrated with schematic diagrams, tables, and graphs. The inclusion of information on the likelihood of earning carbon credits and engaging in carbon trading through best management practices may benefit Indian farmers in the future. This book will be useful for researchers, farm managers, policymakers, and students involved in climate change-related studies.