The chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews creatinine in obstetrics. Chapter Two studies urinary creatinine analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chapter Three discusses hormonal and metabolic disorders as links between obesity and cancer risk in men and women. Chapter Four presents and discusses a review of intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations in diverse animal models and humans in the context of aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma. Chapter Five discusses phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Scabiosa L. genus. Chapter Six discusses new candidate biomarkers, their role in pathogenesis and describes future directions in developing algorithms that will improve the ability to predict the development of clinically relevant graft versus host disease (GVHD). Chapter Seven presents a short review of the current situation of ecological-genetic research with the use of environmental DNA. Chapter Eight reviews the literature that informs our understanding on how trypanosomes monitor and respond to nutrients in their environment, with a focus on a key metabolite, glucose. The goal of this chapter is to address mechanisms that enable the parasites to respond to differences in availability of this critical nutrient in the suite of niches they occupy. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses bovine trypanosomosis prevalence and its vectors density in the major cattle rearing regions of Cameroon.